Parents and families are in the process of figuring out how to pay for college. Given that undergraduate Direct loan limits are so low, many parents have to step in to cover the expenses.

When savings and scholarships fall short, the next option often involves borrowing.

For parents, that usually means choosing between a federal Parent PLUS loan and a private student loan. Both options have trade-offs, and understanding the differences can help families avoid added financial strain down the road.

Here’s what to know when comparing these two options – especially in light of the changes from the OBBBA.

Related: Best Parent Loans For Paying For College

What To Know About Parent PLUS Loans

Parent PLUS loans are federal loans that allow parents of dependent undergraduate students to borrow money to pay for college. These loans are issued by the U.S. Department of Education, not private lenders.

Prior to 2026, Parent PLUS loans had a big advantage over private loans: access to federal protections – such as income-driven repayment plans, hardship options, and even loan forgiveness programs. 

Parents used to be able to qualify for Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR), which sets payments at 20% of discretionary income and offers forgiveness after 25 years. These loans would also qualify for Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) if the parent borrower works for a qualifying government or nonprofit employer. 

Note: Loan forgiveness and access to income-contingent repayment will disappear for Parent PLUS loans taken out after July 1, 2026. 

For loans taken out after July 1, 2026, only the standard repayment plan will be available. 

However, Parent PLUS loans carry a higher interest rate than other federal student loans. For the 2025-2026 school year, the fixed interest rate is 8.94%, and there is a 4.228% origination fee deducted from the disbursement. 

Unlike other federal student loans, these loans do have a credit check. While the credit check is not as stringent as private lenders, parents with adverse credit history may need a cosigner.

Another downside: Parent PLUS loans are never the student’s responsibility. They stay with the parent borrower unless refinanced or paid off separately.

Private Student Loans

Private student loans are issued by banks, credit unions, and online lenders. Some private lenders allow parents to borrow on behalf of their children, or cosign a student’s loan.

One major advantage of private loans is the potential for lower interest rates, especially for borrowers with a good credit score. Fixed and variable interest rates can be lower than those offered by Parent PLUS loans. And unlike federal loans, there are no origination fees with most private lenders.

However, private loans lack the safety net of federal repayment options. There is no income-driven repayment, no forgiveness programs, and fewer deferment or forbearance protections. Repayment terms can also vary by lender, and while some offer flexible options, others may require immediate payments.

Private loans can have rates as low as 3-4% for families with good credit and income.

Some parents choose to cosign a private loan in the student’s name, giving the student responsibility for repayment while still helping them access better loan terms. But cosigning means the parent is still legally on the hook if the student doesn’t pay.

Related: Best Student Loan Rates

How To Choose The Right Option

The best option depends on what matters most to the family. Parents with strong credit and good income might prefer the lower cost of a private loan. Those working in public service or who anticipate needing income-based repayment may benefit more from a Parent PLUS loan (except this option goes away for parents borrowing after July 1, 2026).

For most decently qualified parent borrowers after July 1, 2026, private loans will likely be a more compelling option. Since the budget bill eliminated all paths to loan forgiveness for new borrowers, and the interest rate and origination fee are high, private loans might be a better choice.

If forgiveness through PSLF is a possibility because you are borrowing before 2026, a Parent PLUS loan consolidated into a Direct Consolidation Loan is required to become eligible. Then, the borrower must enroll in ICR and work for a qualified employer. Parents also need to remember it takes 10 years (120 months) of repayment – that’s a long time, especially as retirement approaches. 

Parents should also consider whether they want to be responsible for the debt or prefer the student to take on repayment. If the parent borrows a PLUS loan, the student has no legal responsibility to pay it back.

Families should always compare interest rates, fees, and repayment terms. If going with a private loan, it’s smart to shop around with multiple lenders to see who offers the most favorable terms based on credit history.

Final Thoughts

Federal Parent PLUS loans provide more borrower protections but come at a higher cost. Private loans may be cheaper upfront but lack forgiveness and flexible repayment options.

After July 2026, private loans are nearly always be the better option unless your credit doesn’t give you a better interest rate that beats the Parent PLUS loan.

Each option involves trade-offs, and families should weigh them carefully before deciding.

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