How to Find an Old or Missing 401(k)
How many times have you moved jobs?
The average person has 11.9 jobs between the ages of 18 and 50.
And if each one has a retirement plan that you contribute to, that’s a lot of retirement plans! So it’s no surprise that sometimes you might lose one or two.
And since time passes quickly, it can be easy to misplace important documents, like 401(k) details from a previous employer. Yet, these funds are vital to retirement planning and calculating your net worth, so you might want to find them!
Or, consider this common scenario – you’re the surviving spouse or child trying to track down a 401(k) for estate purposes.
It’s not easy to find a lost 401(k) but thankfully, not all hope is lost.
Here are the steps you can follow to find an old or missing 401(k):
The SECURE 2.0 Act created a Retirement Savings Lost and Found Database, managed by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employee Benefits Security Administration. The database covers retirement plans in the private sector (so not for government employees) and makes it really easy to find out if you erroneously left a retirement plan behind.
To get access, you need to set up a Login.gov login (which you may already have) and confirm your identity with a photo of yourself and ID documents, such as a driver’s license. It took me just a few minutes to do this.
If you don’t find success with the above database, you can always check the National Registry of Unclaimed Retirement Benefits. Similar to Missing Money, the NRURB keeps a database of retirement plans that have lost contact with their respective owners.
It’s a very quick search, using your Social Security Number, and you can find out very quickly whether your number is listed and if a plan has been trying to reach you but has been unsuccessful.
For pensions, you can use the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation’s search tool.
If you know where the 401(k) was “kept,” ask the plan provider.
Start your search by visiting the website of the 401(k) plan provider. You may be able to provide your name, birth date, and email address to reset your login information. You might have to contact customer support to verify your identity and complete additional steps.
Here are links to the three most significant 401(k) providers:
Meet Beagle is an adorably logo’d service that can help you find and optimize your 401(k) plans. They aim to be a “financial concierge” that can find your old or misisng retirement plans (401k, 403b, 457, etc.) and then help you optimize or rollover those plans into a better (or at least simpler) situation. They charge a $3.99 per month fee.
If you are looking for a service to help you rollover an old 401(k), I’d probably go with Capitalize instead of Meet Beagle because it’s completely free. Rolling over a 401(k) is something you can do, I’ve done several to my Vanguard account, so I’d try that first before paying a service to help.
If your former employer is still active, you can also contact their HR department to inquire about your workplace retirement fund. After all, this was a workplace benefit, and they should have records about your plan information to help guide you in the right direction.
When going to the 401(k) brokerage or your former employer is a dead end, you can try searching for Form 5500 on the Department of Labor (DOL) website. Employee benefit plan providers must file a Form 5500 each year listing the number of enrollees, plan sponsor, and eligible products. The DOL Form 5500 search tool lets you sift through reports as far back as January 1, 2010. Your search filters include:
This service can help you find the plan administrator. Next, you can contact the administrator to start your next homework problem.
Unclaimed property databases can help you find abandoned financial accounts and reimbursements that are yours when the provider can’t find your new contact information. Each state operates a property database, and you can enter your name to search.
After finding any unclaimed property, you can follow the steps to get your money. It’s free to search using a website like the National Association of Unclaimed Property Administrators. You will also avoid phishing scams that appear when doing a basic google search for your state’s database.
Tip: Imposter sites may ask for your Social Security number and other personal details. You may need to enter your (previous) street address on legit sites to find relevant matches. The advanced search features can be helpful if you have a common last name like Smith or Jones.
You can also use Credit Karma to look for unclaimed property for free. This service also offers free credit score monitoring and identity monitoring. For more information, check out our full Credit Karma review. In addition to potentially finding your old 401(k), you may also be eligible for these products:
After recovering your 401(k), you have several options. These include a rollover IRA, a Roth IRA conversion, and consolidating, updating, or cashing out your 401k.
Your best option may be to request an IRA rollover through a prominent online brokerage to give your portfolio new life. For example, you can begin making contributions again and avoid the annual administrative fees. You can also invest in any stocks or funds available through the broker instead of choosing from a narrow list of funds. Your pre-tax traditional 401(k) becomes a conventional IRA by default. Likewise, your Roth 401(k) becomes Roth IRA. As a result, you most likely won’t have to pay any transfer fees or taxes. Here are some of the best rollover IRA benefits:
A rollover IRA is similar to a brand-new traditional IRA, yet your rollover amount doesn’t count against the annual IRA contribution limits. Some online brokers offer IRA rollover promotions offering bonus cash. After rolling over your 401(k)s, you can contribute new money each year to save more for retirement.
Tip: To avoid selling certain investments because your new broker doesn’t support that mutual fund or stock, you may use the same broker and not lose your original cost basis. Thankfully, position liquidations don’t result in a taxable event as you’re not withdrawing any money.
If your old 401(k) is funded with pre-tax dollars, you may decide to convert it into a Roth IRA. You will pay income taxes on the conversion amount but can make tax-free withdrawals in retirement. Despite the upfront tax hit, this conversion doesn’t count against your IRA contribution limits. In addition, you’re no longer subject to required minimum distributions (RMDs). There are two different ways to convert your 401(k).
The easiest way is to see if your IRA provider can directly transfer your traditional 401(k) balance to your Roth IRA. If you don’t want to convert the entire amount, see if your 401(k) administrator supports two direct transfers. If so, your second transfer rolls your remaining balance into a traditional rollover IRA. These funds won’t incur a tax charge until you schedule a distribution or convert them into a Roth later.
If you cannot make two direct transfers, you must first rollover your 401(k) to a traditional IRA. Then, you must wait at least 60 days before requesting a Roth conversion for your desired balance.
Tip: You may decide to keep a traditional IRA if you’re nearing retirement, as a Roth conversion resets the early withdrawal clock. Unfortunately, current tax rules require waiting five years before taking penalty-free withdrawals from your new account, even if you’re at least 59 ½ years old.
Your current employer may let you absorb your old workplace retirement plans with your active account. However, not every 401(k) plan accepts outside methods. Some of the advantages of a 401(k) consolidation include:
This option can be better if you don’t want to self-manage a 401(k) and an IRA. Before consolidating, determine if your annual fees will increase. Your current 401(k) administrator may use a percentage-based pricing model, and a higher balance increases your custodian fees. To avoid fees, you may decide to open a rollover IRA with the same brokerage to have similar investment options. You can also invest in other stocks and funds that are not part of your employer’s plan.
If you’re happy with your current asset allocation or plan administrator, you may decide to keep your 401(k) where it is. It might be your best option if you plan to withdraw your 401(k) balance soon in retirement. While you can’t contribute new money as you’re no longer an active employee, you can rebalance your portfolio.
Your final option can be cashing out your 401(k). This option can make sense if you’re at least 59 ½ years old and can avoid the 10% early withdrawal penalty, or if you need the cash for a necessary expense and are willing to pay the withdrawal penalties.
Your distributions will depend on your income tax bracket and a 10% early withdrawal penalty. Anticipate giving the first 30% of your distribution to the taxman. The IRS lists some of the ways you can avoid the early tax penalty, including:
Hopefully, you won’t need to spend much time finding your old 401(k), and you can use the fund to improve your financial stability. However, remember that the account is legally yours, so it’s important to claim it, even if it sat for years or decades.
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