Student loan debt continues to influence Americans’ financial lives, often forcing difficult tradeoffs between paying down student loans and investing for the future. A new survey from Fidelity Investments finds that borrowers are delaying homeownership, struggling with stress, and falling behind on retirement savings – patterns that persist across age groups and income levels.

The 2026 State of Student Debt study, based on a national survey of U.S. adults currently repaying student loans, paints a picture of compounding financial pressure. Nearly one-third of borrowers say their student debt has caused them to delay buying a home, while many report frequent anxiety and uncertainty about their long-term financial security.

“The burden of student debt takes not only a financial toll on borrowers, but an emotional one as well,” said Jesse Moore, head of student debt at Fidelity Investments. Across Fidelity’s employer client base, Moore said, many workers feel forced to choose between reducing debt and saving for future goals.

Homeownership And Other Milestones Delayed

According to the survey, 32% of borrowers say student loans have delayed their ability to purchase a home. That figure rises to 37% among Gen Z borrowers and 36% among Millennials, underscoring how student loan debt weighs most heavily on workers earlier in their careers.

The findings align with broader concerns about affordability in the housing market, but the data suggests student loans remain a distinct barrier even as borrowers age. Fidelity’s research notes that more than half of student loan borrowers nationwide continue to struggle with repayment, limiting their ability to build savings for down payments or qualify for mortgages.

For many households, this delay extends beyond housing. Fidelity’s analysis indicates borrowers are often postponing other long-term goals, including retirement saving, in order to manage monthly loan payments.

Financial Anxiety Remains Widespread

The survey also highlights the emotional strain tied to student debt. Forty-one percent of borrowers report feeling anxious about their finances or losing sleep at least weekly. When asked to describe their relationship with money, 34% chose the word “stressful,” while 67% said they feel overwhelmed when managing their personal finances.

Those feelings persist even among borrowers who are actively making student loan payments. Fidelity’s research suggests that uncertainty (about repayment timelines, interest costs, and competing financial priorities) continues to shape how borrowers view their overall financial health.

These stress indicators matter, researchers note, because chronic financial anxiety can affect decision-making, workplace productivity, and long-term planning.

Lower Retirement Balances Among Borrowers

Fidelity’s internal participant data points to a measurable link between student debt and reduced retirement readiness. Among employees age 50 and older, those carrying student loans have average retirement balances that are 30% lower than peers without student debt. For workers ages 18 to 49, balances are about 20% lower.

Borrowers also report lower confidence in their retirement preparedness and greater uncertainty about how much they need to save. The data reflects a common pattern: workers often reduce or pause retirement contributions while prioritizing student loan payments, particularly early in their careers.

Over time, those missed contributions and lost investment growth can have lasting consequences, especially for borrowers who spend a decade or more repaying their loans.

Employer Benefits Show Measurable Impact

While the survey highlights persistent challenges, Fidelity’s data also suggests that employer-sponsored student debt benefits can change outcomes for both workers and companies.

Nearly 45% of borrowers said they would be more likely to stay with their employer if student loan repayment assistance were offered, including 52% of Gen Z borrowers and 47% of Millennials. Employers using Fidelity’s Student Debt Direct program—where companies make payments directly to loan servicers—have seen turnover rates 26% lower among participating employees. Collectively, those employers have helped workers pay down more than $700 million in student loan principal and interest, shortening repayment timelines by three to four years.

Fidelity’s Student Debt Retirement program takes a different approach, allowing employees to earn employer retirement contributions while making student loan payments. Since its launch in early 2024, more than 200 companies have adopted the benefit, covering nearly two million eligible employees. Participants have received an average of $1,900 per year in employer contributions tied to their student loan payments.

Over a typical 10-year repayment period, Fidelity estimates those annual contributions could grow to nearly $200,000 by retirement age, assuming long-term investment growth.

“Student debt benefits can be especially powerful for employees who are early in their careers,” Moore said. “When young workers can pay down their loans while also getting a head start on saving, it builds confidence and gives them a solid foundation for long‑term financial wellness.”

What Student Loan Borrowers Can Take Away

The findings underscore how student debt continues to shape financial behavior well into adulthood.

For borrowers, the data highlights the importance of understanding how loan repayment choices interact with saving, housing decisions, and healthcare costs. For employers, the survey points to student loan benefits as a tool that can address worker stress while improving retention and long-term financial outcomes.

As student loan repayment remains a defining issue for millions of households, Fidelity’s research suggests that solutions combining debt reduction with long-term saving may help ease some of the pressure—especially for workers still early in their financial lives.

Don’t Miss These Other Stories: